Scientific details about biodiversity distribution is indispensable for nature conservation and sustainable administration of pure assets. For a number of teams of animals and crops, such knowledge can be found, however for fungi, particularly in tropical areas like West Africa, they’re principally lacking. Here, info for West African nations about species diversity of fungi and fungus-like organisms (different organisms historically studied by mycologists) is compiled from literature and analysed in its historic context for the primary time. More than 16,000 data of fungi representing 4843 species and infraspecific taxa have been present in 860 publications regarding West Africa.
Records from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) database (2395 species), and that of the previous International Mycological Institute fungal reference assortment (IMI) (2526 species) have been additionally thought-about. The compilation based mostly on literature is extra complete than the GBIF and IMI knowledge, though they embrace 914 and 679 species names, respectively, which aren’t current within the guidelines based mostly on literature. According to knowledge out there in literature, data on fungal richness ranges from 19 species (Guinea Bissau) to 1595 (Sierra Leone).
In estimating present species diversity, richness estimators and the Hawksworth 6:1 fungus to plant species ratio have been used. Based on the Hawksworth ratio, known fungal diversity in West Africa represents 11.4% of the anticipated diversity. For six West African nations, nevertheless, known fungal species diversity is lower than 2%. Incomplete data of fungal diversity can also be evident by species accumulation curves not reaching saturation, by 45.3% of the fungal species within the guidelines being cited solely as soon as for West Africa, and by 66.5% of the fungal species within the guidelines reported solely for a single nation.
The documentation of completely different systematic teams of fungi could be very heterogeneous as a result of traditionally investigations have been sporadic. Recent opportunistic sampling actions in Benin confirmed that it’s not troublesome to seek out specimens representing new nation data. Investigation of fungi in West Africa began simply over two centuries in the past and it’s nonetheless in an early pioneer part. To promote correct exploration, the current guidelines is offered as a device to facilitate fungal identification on this area and to help conceptualisation and justification of future analysis tasks. Documentation of fungal diversity is urgently wanted as a result of pure habitats are being misplaced on a big scale by altered land use and local weather change.
Mass Spectrometry: A Rosetta Stone to Learn How Fungi Interact and Talk
Fungi are a extremely various group of heterotrophic organisms that play an vital function in various ecological interactions, many of that are chemically mediated. Fungi have a really versatile metabolism, which permits them to synthesize a big quantity of nonetheless little-known chemical compounds, comparable to soluble compounds which might be secreted into the medium and unstable compounds which might be chemical mediators over brief and lengthy distances. Mass spectrometry (MS) is at the moment taking part in a dominant function in mycological research, primarily as a consequence of its inherent sensitivity and fast identification capabilities of completely different metabolites.
Furthermore, MS has additionally been used as a dependable and correct device for fungi identification (i.e., biotyping). Here, we introduce the readers about fungal specialised metabolites, their function in ecological interactions and present an outline on the MS-based mostly strategies utilized in fungal research. We significantly current the significance of sampling strategies, methods to scale back false-optimistic identification and new MS-based mostly analytical methods that can be utilized in mycological research, additional increasing the use of MS in broader functions.
Therefore, we foresee a vibrant future for mass spectrometry-based mostly analysis within the discipline of mycology. The first assembly of the CIFAR Fungal Kingdom: Threats & Opportunities analysis program noticed the congregation of consultants on fungal biology to handle essentially the most urgent threats fungi pose to world well being, agriculture, and biodiversity. This report covers the analysis mentioned in the course of the assembly and the developments made towards mitigating the devastating affect of fungi on crops, animals, and people.
Anti-Candida Activity of Curcumin: A Review
Curcumin is one of the vital pure compounds that’s extracted from turmeric. This compound and its derivatives have quite a few organic properties, together with antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and therapeutic results. Extensive analysis in numerous fields has been carried out on turmeric as it’s broadly used as a meals additive. The important antifungal exercise is one of the main results of curcumin. In this paper, latest research on the consequences of completely different varieties of curcumin drug on the candidiasis have been systematically examined and mentioned.
The knowledge on this research have been extracted from the articles and reviews revealed within the Web of Science, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus databases. After the preliminary investigation, related reviews have been chosen and labeled based mostly on the included formulation and function of the research. After a scientific dialogue of the info, it was discovered that the use of medicinal varieties based mostly on nanoparticles can improve the absorption and goal the managed launch of curcumin with a simpler function in comparison with different formulations.
 JNK Assay Kit |
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55R-1407 |
Fitzgerald |
40 assays |
EUR 868 |
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Description: Assay Kit for detection of JNK in the research laboratory |
JNK Assay Kit |
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55R-1408 |
Fitzgerald |
40 assays |
EUR 979 |
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Description: Assay Kit for detection of JNK in the research laboratory |
 JNK Activity Screening Kit, KinaseSTAR |
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K430-40 |
Biovision |
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EUR 593 |
 KinaseSTAR JNK Activity Screening Kit |
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K2078-40 |
ApexBio |
40 assays |
EUR 641 |
 Urease Activity Assay Kit |
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55R-2261 |
Fitzgerald |
100 assays |
EUR 689 |
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Description: Assay kit to measure Urease activity |
 Mitochondria Activity Assay Kit |
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KC310100 |
Biochain |
1 kit |
EUR 398 |
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Description: Premade ready to use kits will always come in handy. Get your experiment done right form the first try by using a validated kit with perfectly balanced reagents proportions and compatibility and by following a clear protocol. |
 GAPDH Activity Assay Kit |
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K680-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 256 |
 Protease Activity Assay Kit |
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AR4011-unit |
BosterBio |
unit |
EUR 340 |
 MAT Activity Assay Kit |
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abx098901-96tests |
Abbexa |
96 tests |
EUR 1193 |
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 Trypsin Activity Assay Kit |
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3043 |
Chondrex |
1 kit |
EUR 483.55 |
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Description: Trypsin Activity Assay Kit |
 MAT Activity Assay |
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IK00401 |
Arthus |
96 tests |
EUR 844 |
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Description: Methionine Adenosyltransferase (MAT) activity assay kit |
 GST Colorimetric Activity Assay Kit |
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55R-1353 |
Fitzgerald |
100 assays |
EUR 706 |
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Description: Assay Kit for detection of GST activity in the research laboratory |
 Beta Secretase Activity Assay Kit |
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55R-1383 |
Fitzgerald |
100 assays |
EUR 835 |
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Description: Assay Kit for detection of Beta Secretase Activity in the research laboratory |
 Alkaline Phosphatase Activity Assay Kit |
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55R-1402 |
Fitzgerald |
500 assays |
EUR 740 |
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Description: Assay Kit for detection of Alkaline Phosphatase in the research laboratory |
 Acid Phosphatase Activity Assay Kit |
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55R-1405 |
Fitzgerald |
500 assays |
EUR 438 |
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Description: Assay Kit for detection of Acid Phosphatase in the research laboratory |
Alkaline Phosphatase Activity Assay Kit |
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55R-1406 |
Fitzgerald |
500 assays |
EUR 438 |
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Description: Assay Kit for detection of Alkaline Phosphatase in the research laboratory |
Acid Phosphatase Activity Assay Kit |
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55R-1866 |
Fitzgerald |
500 assays |
EUR 484 |
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Description: Assay Kit for detection of Acid Phosphatase in the research laboratory |
) Neprilysin Activity Assay Kit (Fluorometric) |
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K487-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 610 |
) Chitotriosidase Activity Assay Kit (Fluorometric) |
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K512-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 620 |
) ?-Glucuronidase Activity Assay Kit (Fluorometric) |
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K514-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 620 |
) Methyltransferase Activity Assay Kit (Fluorometric) |
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K521-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 566 |
) Transglutaminase Activity Assay Kit (Colorimetric) |
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K571-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 718 |
 Sphingomyelinase Activity Fluorometric Assay Kit |
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K574-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 457 |
 Fumarase Activity Colorimetric Assay Kit |
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K596-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 653 |
 Sphingomyelinase Activity Colorimetric Assay Kit |
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K599-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 446 |
 Invertase Activity Colorimetric Assay Kit |
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K674-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 490 |
) Sulfatase Activity Assay Kit (Colorimetric) |
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K675-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 653 |
 Arginase Activity Colorimetric Assay Kit |
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K755-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 539 |
 Acetylcholinesterase Activity Colorimetric Assay Kit |
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K764-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 550 |
 Trypsin Activity Colorimetric Assay Kit |
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K771-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 452 |
 DPP4 Activity Fluorometric Assay Kit |
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K779-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 544 |
 Protease Activity Fluorometric Assay Kit |
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K781-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 387 |
 Collagenase Activity Colorimetric Assay Kit |
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K792-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 408 |
 Renin Activity Fluorometric Assay Kit |
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K800-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 523 |
) Plasmin Activity Assay Kit (Colorimetric) |
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K945-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 446 |
) Cholinesterase Activity Assay Kit (Colorimetric) |
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K975-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 642 |
) Lipoxygenase Activity Assay Kit (Fluorometric) |
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K978-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 653 |
) ?-Xylosidase Activity Assay Kit (Fluorometric) |
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K981-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 588 |
) Methyltransferase Activity Assay Kit (Colorimetric) |
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K986-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 648 |
) Tyrosinase Activity Assay Kit (Colorimetric) |
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K742-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 582 |
 ?-Glucosidase Activity Colorimetric Assay Kit |
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K690-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 550 |
 Aconitase Activity Colorimetric Assay Kit |
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K716-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 501 |
 Urokinase Activity Fluorometric Assay Kit |
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K728-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 544 |
 Lipase Activity Colorimetric Assay Kit |
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K722-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 512 |
 Neuraminidase Activity Fluorometric Assay Kit |
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K732-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 523 |
) Uricase Activity Assay Kit (Fluorometric) |
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K734-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 512 |
 Amylase Activity Colorimetric Assay Kit |
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K711-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 408 |
) Deubiquitinase Activity Assay Kit (Fluorometric) |
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K485-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 533 |
) HDAC6 Activity Assay Kit (Fluorometric) |
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K466-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 631 |
 Aldolase Activity Colorimetric Assay Kit |
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K665-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 664 |
 Ceruloplasmin Activity Colorimetric Assay Kit |
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K669-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 550 |
 GST Colorimetric Activity Assay Kit |
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K263-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 490 |
 GST Fluorometric Activity Assay Kit |
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K260-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 468 |
 Lysosomal Intracellular Activity Assay Kit |
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K448-50 |
Biovision |
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EUR 544 |
 Akt Activity Assay Kit, KinaseSTAR |
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K435-40 |
Biovision |
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EUR 680 |
) Chymotrypsin Activity Assay Kit (Fluorometric) |
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K352-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 490 |
 HAT Activity Colorimetric Assay Kit |
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K332-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 539 |
 HAT Activity Fluorometric Assay Kit |
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K334-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 539 |
 HDAC3 Activity Fluorometric Assay Kit |
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K343-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 479 |
) Sirtuin Activity Assay Kit (Fluorometric) |
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K324-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 572 |
 HDAC Activity Fluorometric Assay Kit |
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K330-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 490 |
 HDAC Activity Colorimetric Assay Kit |
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K331-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 490 |
) Plasmin Activity Assay Kit (Fluorometric) |
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K381-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 457 |
 Thrombin Activity Fluorometric Assay Kit |
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K373-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 697 |
) Urease Activity Assay Kit (Colorimetric) |
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K378-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 501 |
 Calpain Activity Fluorometric Assay Kit |
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K240-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 588 |
 Proteasome Activity Fluorometric Assay Kit |
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K245-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 479 |
) Lysozyme Activity Assay Kit (Fluorometric) |
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K236-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 490 |
 HDAC8 Activity Fluorometric Assay Kit |
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K348-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 490 |
) ATPase Activity Assay Kit (Colorimetric) |
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K417-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 430 |
 Caspase-1 Activity Assay Kit |
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AR4003-100Assays |
BosterBio |
100 Assays |
EUR 514 |
Caspase-1 Activity Assay Kit |
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AR4003-25Assays |
BosterBio |
25 Assays |
EUR 236 |
Caspase-1 Activity Assay Kit |
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AR4003-50Assays |
BosterBio |
50 Assays |
EUR 340 |
 Caspase-2 Activity Assay Kit |
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AR4004-100Assays |
BosterBio |
100 Assays |
EUR 514 |
Caspase-2 Activity Assay Kit |
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AR4004-25Assays |
BosterBio |
25 Assays |
EUR 236 |
Caspase-2 Activity Assay Kit |
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AR4004-50Assays |
BosterBio |
50 Assays |
EUR 340 |
 OxiSelect ORAC Activity Assay Kit |
|
STA-345 |
Cell Biolabs |
192 assays |
EUR 577 |
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Description: The ORAC assay is a powerful tool to measure the antioxidant capacity of biomolecules. Our OxiSelect ORAC Activity Assay measures this capacity in less than 2 hours from a wide variety of sample types. |
OxiSelect ORAC Activity Assay Kit |
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STA-345-5 |
Cell Biolabs |
5 x 192 assays |
EUR 2277 |
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Description: The ORAC assay is a powerful tool to measure the antioxidant capacity of biomolecules. Our OxiSelect ORAC Activity Assay measures this capacity in less than 2 hours from a wide variety of sample types. |
 OxiSelect HORAC Activity Assay Kit |
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STA-346 |
Cell Biolabs |
192 assays |
EUR 577 |
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Description: The HORAC assay is a powerful tool to measure the antioxidant capacity of biomolecules. Our OxiSelect HORAC Activity Assay measures the degradation of free hydroxyl radicals in less than 2 hours from a wide variety of sample types. |
OxiSelect HORAC Activity Assay Kit |
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STA-346-5 |
Cell Biolabs |
5 x 192 assays |
EUR 2277 |
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Description: The HORAC assay is a powerful tool to measure the antioxidant capacity of biomolecules. Our OxiSelect HORAC Activity Assay measures the degradation of free hydroxyl radicals in less than 2 hours from a wide variety of sample types. |
 DAG Kinase Activity Assay Kit |
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MET-5036 |
Cell Biolabs |
50 assays |
EUR 450 |
 Activity Assay Kit) Hexokinase (HK) Activity Assay Kit |
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MET-5087 |
Cell Biolabs |
100 assays |
EUR 508 |
 Beta Hexosaminidase Activity Assay Kit |
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MET-5095 |
Cell Biolabs |
100 assays |
EUR 508 |
HDAC Activity Fluorometric Assay Kit |
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K2031-100 |
ApexBio |
100 assays |
EUR 502 |
HDAC Activity Colorimetric Assay Kit |
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K2032-100 |
ApexBio |
100 assays |
EUR 502 |
 HAT Activity Colorimetric Assay Kit |
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K2033-100 |
ApexBio |
100 assays |
EUR 557 |
 HAT Activity Fluorometric Assay Kit |
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K2034-100 |
ApexBio |
100 assays |
EUR 557 |
Calpain Activity Fluorometric Assay Kit |
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K2062-100 |
ApexBio |
100 assays |
EUR 627 |
 KinaseSTAR Akt Activity Assay Kit |
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K2080-40 |
ApexBio |
40 assays |
EUR 738 |
 PLTP Activity Fluorometric Assay Kit |
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K2087-100 |
ApexBio |
100 assays |
EUR 669 |
 CETP Activity Fluorometric Assay Kit |
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K2089-100 |
ApexBio |
100 assays |
EUR 725 |
Proteasome Activity Fluorometric Assay Kit |
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K2096-100 |
ApexBio |
100 assays |
EUR 502 |
GST Fluorometric Activity Assay Kit |
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K2105-100 |
ApexBio |
100 assays |
EUR 502 |
GST Colorimetric Activity Assay Kit |
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K2108-100 |
ApexBio |
100 assays |
EUR 529 |
Trypsin Activity Colorimetric Assay Kit |
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K2176-100 |
ApexBio |
100 assays |
EUR 447 |
DPP4 Activity Fluorometric Assay Kit |
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K2178-100 |
ApexBio |
100 assays |
EUR 557 |
Amylase Activity Colorimetric Assay Kit |
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K2225-100 |
ApexBio |
100 assays |
EUR 390 |
Aconitase Activity Colorimetric Assay Kit |
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K2226-100 |
ApexBio |
100 assays |
EUR 516 |
Lipase Activity Colorimetric Assay Kit |
|
K2227-100 |
ApexBio |
100 assays |
EUR 516 |
Neuraminidase Activity Fluorometric Assay Kit |
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K2230-100 |
ApexBio |
100 assays |
EUR 599 |
 MAT Activity Assay 3 |
|
IK00403 |
Arthus |
48 tests |
EUR 503 |
|
Description: Methionine Adenosyltransferase (MAT) activity assay kit |
) Beta-Mannosidase Activity Assay Kit (Fluorometric) |
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K2045-100 |
Biovision |
100 assays |
EUR 551 |
) Glucose Isomerase Activity Assay Kit (Colorimetric) |
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K491-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 490 |
) Diamine Oxidase Activity Assay Kit (Fluorometric) |
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K496-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 566 |
) Oxalate Oxidase Activity Assay Kit (Fluorometric) |
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K509-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 479 |
 Mitochondrial Complex III Activity Assay Kit |
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K520-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 697 |
) Factor XIIIa Activity Assay Kit (Colorimetric) |
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K522-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 620 |
) ?-L-Fucosidase Activity Assay Kit (Fluorometric) |
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K542-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 523 |
 Activity Assay Kit (Fluorometric)) Cyclooxygenase (COX) Activity Assay Kit (Fluorometric) |
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K549-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 419 |
) Glyoxalase I Activity Assay Kit (Colorimetric) |
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K591-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 490 |
 PLTP Activity Fluorometric Assay Kit II |
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K593-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 588 |
 CETP Activity Fluorometric Assay Kit II |
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K595-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 642 |
 Malate Dehydrogenase Activity Colorimetric Assay Kit |
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K654-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 572 |
 Asparaginase Activity Colorimetric/Fluorometric Assay Kit |
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K754-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 550 |
 Glutathione Reductase Activity Colorimetric Assay Kit |
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K761-200 |
Biovision |
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EUR 512 |
 Glutathione Peroxidase Activity Colorimetric Assay Kit |
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K762-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 512 |
 Thioredoxin Reductase Activity Colorimetric Assay Kit |
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K763-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 490 |
) PAF Acetylhydrolase Activity Assay Kit (Colorimetric) |
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K765-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 446 |
) PicoProbe? Hexokinase Activity Assay Kit (Fluorometric) |
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K769-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 637 |
 Peroxidase Activity Colorimetric/Fluorometric Assay Kit |
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K772-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 387 |
 Catalase Activity Colorimetric/Fluorometric Assay Kit |
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K773-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 419 |
 Phosphoglucose Isomerase Activity Colorimetric Assay Kit |
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K775-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 523 |
 Activity Colorimetric Assay Kit) Phosphofructokinase (PFK) Activity Colorimetric Assay Kit |
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K776-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 784 |
 MMP-3 Activity Fluorometric Assay Kit |
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K783-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 512 |
 Glucose Dehydrogenase Activity Colorimetric Assay Kit |
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K786-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 441 |
 Alcohol Dehydrogenase Activity Colorimetric Assay Kit |
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K787-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 550 |
 Beta-Lactamase Activity Colorimetric Assay Kit |
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K803-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 784 |
 Rat Renin Activity Fluorometric Assay Kit |
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K806-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 648 |
 Activity Fluorometric Assay Kit) Adenosylhomocysteinase (AHCY) Activity Fluorometric Assay Kit |
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K807-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 865 |
) TEV Protease Activity Assay Kit (Fluorometric) |
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K842-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 501 |
 p53 Transcription Factor Activity Assay Kit |
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K923-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 533 |
) Total Phosphodiesterase Activity Assay Kit (Fluorometric) |
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K927-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 615 |
) Lysyl Oxidase Activity Assay Kit (Fluorometric) |
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K928-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 533 |
) Sorbitol Dehydrogenase Activity Assay Kit (Colorimetric) |
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K935-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 566 |
) PicoProbeTM Glucokinase Activity Assay Kit (Fluorometric) |
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K969-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 593 |
) Factor XIa Activity Assay Kit (Colorimetric) |
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K973-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 615 |
 Activity Assay Kit (Fluorometric)) Aromatase (CYP19A) Activity Assay Kit (Fluorometric) |
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K983-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 620 |
) Alkaline Sphingomyelinase Activity Assay Kit (Colorimetric) |
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K987-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 588 |
) 5?-Nucleotidase Activity Assay Kit (Colorimetric) |
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K992-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 664 |
) Factor XIIa Activity Assay Kit (Colorimetric) |
|
K994-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 626 |
) Plasma Kallikrein Activity Assay Kit (Colorimetric) |
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K997-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 620 |
) Cystathionine ? Synthase Activity Assay Kit (Fluorometric) |
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K998-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 620 |
 Colorimetric Activity Assay Kit) Myeloperoxidase (MPO) Colorimetric Activity Assay Kit |
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K744-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 582 |
Consequently, it may be concluded that new strategies of trendy drugs may be employed to extend the efficacy of pure pharmaceutical compounds used prior to now. In this regard, the current research analyzed the impact of curcumin towards numerous Candida infections utilizing the latest knowledge. It was discovered that making use of a mixture of drug formulation or the formulation of curcumin and its derivatives may be an efficient technique to beat the medication resistance in fungal infections, particularly candidiasis.
