Scientific details about biodiversity distribution is indispensable for nature conservation and sustainable administration of pure assets. For a number of teams of animals and crops, such knowledge can be found, however for fungi, particularly in tropical areas like West Africa, they’re principally lacking. Here, info for West African nations about species diversity of fungi and fungus-like organisms (different organisms historically studied by mycologists) is compiled from literature and analysed in its historic context for the primary time. More than 16,000 data of fungi representing 4843 species and infraspecific taxa have been present in 860 publications regarding West Africa.
Records from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) database (2395 species), and that of the previous International Mycological Institute fungal reference assortment (IMI) (2526 species) have been additionally thought-about. The compilation based mostly on literature is extra complete than the GBIF and IMI knowledge, though they embrace 914 and 679 species names, respectively, which aren’t current within the guidelines based mostly on literature. According to knowledge out there in literature, data on fungal richness ranges from 19 species (Guinea Bissau) to 1595 (Sierra Leone).
In estimating present species diversity, richness estimators and the Hawksworth 6:1 fungus to plant species ratio have been used. Based on the Hawksworth ratio, known fungal diversity in West Africa represents 11.4% of the anticipated diversity. For six West African nations, nevertheless, known fungal species diversity is lower than 2%. Incomplete data of fungal diversity can also be evident by species accumulation curves not reaching saturation, by 45.3% of the fungal species within the guidelines being cited solely as soon as for West Africa, and by 66.5% of the fungal species within the guidelines reported solely for a single nation.
The documentation of completely different systematic teams of fungi could be very heterogeneous as a result of traditionally investigations have been sporadic. Recent opportunistic sampling actions in Benin confirmed that it’s not troublesome to seek out specimens representing new nation data. Investigation of fungi in West Africa began simply over two centuries in the past and it’s nonetheless in an early pioneer part. To promote correct exploration, the current guidelines is offered as a device to facilitate fungal identification on this area and to help conceptualisation and justification of future analysis tasks. Documentation of fungal diversity is urgently wanted as a result of pure habitats are being misplaced on a big scale by altered land use and local weather change.
Mass Spectrometry: A Rosetta Stone to Learn How Fungi Interact and Talk
Fungi are a extremely various group of heterotrophic organisms that play an vital function in various ecological interactions, many of that are chemically mediated. Fungi have a really versatile metabolism, which permits them to synthesize a big quantity of nonetheless little-known chemical compounds, comparable to soluble compounds which might be secreted into the medium and unstable compounds which might be chemical mediators over brief and lengthy distances. Mass spectrometry (MS) is at the moment taking part in a dominant function in mycological research, primarily as a consequence of its inherent sensitivity and fast identification capabilities of completely different metabolites.
Furthermore, MS has additionally been used as a dependable and correct device for fungi identification (i.e., biotyping). Here, we introduce the readers about fungal specialised metabolites, their function in ecological interactions and present an outline on the MS-based mostly strategies utilized in fungal research. We significantly current the significance of sampling strategies, methods to scale back false-optimistic identification and new MS-based mostly analytical methods that can be utilized in mycological research, additional increasing the use of MS in broader functions.
Therefore, we foresee a vibrant future for mass spectrometry-based mostly analysis within the discipline of mycology. The first assembly of the CIFAR Fungal Kingdom: Threats & Opportunities analysis program noticed the congregation of consultants on fungal biology to handle essentially the most urgent threats fungi pose to world well being, agriculture, and biodiversity. This report covers the analysis mentioned in the course of the assembly and the developments made towards mitigating the devastating affect of fungi on crops, animals, and people.
Anti-Candida Activity of Curcumin: A Review
Curcumin is one of the vital pure compounds that’s extracted from turmeric. This compound and its derivatives have quite a few organic properties, together with antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and therapeutic results. Extensive analysis in numerous fields has been carried out on turmeric as it’s broadly used as a meals additive. The important antifungal exercise is one of the main results of curcumin. In this paper, latest research on the consequences of completely different varieties of curcumin drug on the candidiasis have been systematically examined and mentioned.
The knowledge on this research have been extracted from the articles and reviews revealed within the Web of Science, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus databases. After the preliminary investigation, related reviews have been chosen and labeled based mostly on the included formulation and function of the research. After a scientific dialogue of the info, it was discovered that the use of medicinal varieties based mostly on nanoparticles can improve the absorption and goal the managed launch of curcumin with a simpler function in comparison with different formulations.
 JNK Activity Assay Kit, KinaseSTAR |
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K431-40 |
Biovision |
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EUR 664 |
 JNK Assay Kit |
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55R-1407 |
Fitzgerald |
40 assays |
EUR 868 |
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Description: Assay Kit for detection of JNK in the research laboratory |
JNK Assay Kit |
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55R-1408 |
Fitzgerald |
40 assays |
EUR 979 |
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Description: Assay Kit for detection of JNK in the research laboratory |
 KinaseSTAR JNK Activity Screening Kit |
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K2078-40 |
ApexBio |
40 assays |
EUR 641 |
 JNK Activity Screening Kit, KinaseSTAR |
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K430-40 |
Biovision |
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EUR 593 |
 Protease Activity Assay Kit |
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AR4011-unit |
BosterBio |
unit |
EUR 340 |
 MAT Activity Assay Kit |
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abx098901-96tests |
Abbexa |
96 tests |
EUR 1193 |
- Shipped within 5-12 working days.
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 Trypsin Activity Assay Kit |
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3043 |
Chondrex |
1 kit |
EUR 483.55 |
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Description: Trypsin Activity Assay Kit |
 Urease Activity Assay Kit |
|
55R-2261 |
Fitzgerald |
100 assays |
EUR 689 |
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Description: Assay kit to measure Urease activity |
 Mitochondria Activity Assay Kit |
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KC310100 |
Biochain |
1 kit |
EUR 398 |
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Description: Premade ready to use kits will always come in handy. Get your experiment done right form the first try by using a validated kit with perfectly balanced reagents proportions and compatibility and by following a clear protocol. |
 GAPDH Activity Assay Kit |
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K680-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 256 |
 MAT Activity Assay |
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IK00401 |
Arthus |
96 tests |
EUR 844 |
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Description: Methionine Adenosyltransferase (MAT) activity assay kit |
 Caspase-1 Activity Assay Kit |
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AR4003-100Assays |
BosterBio |
100 Assays |
EUR 514 |
Caspase-1 Activity Assay Kit |
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AR4003-25Assays |
BosterBio |
25 Assays |
EUR 236 |
Caspase-1 Activity Assay Kit |
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AR4003-50Assays |
BosterBio |
50 Assays |
EUR 340 |
 Caspase-2 Activity Assay Kit |
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AR4004-100Assays |
BosterBio |
100 Assays |
EUR 514 |
Caspase-2 Activity Assay Kit |
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AR4004-25Assays |
BosterBio |
25 Assays |
EUR 236 |
Caspase-2 Activity Assay Kit |
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AR4004-50Assays |
BosterBio |
50 Assays |
EUR 340 |
 GST Colorimetric Activity Assay Kit |
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55R-1353 |
Fitzgerald |
100 assays |
EUR 706 |
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Description: Assay Kit for detection of GST activity in the research laboratory |
 Beta Secretase Activity Assay Kit |
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55R-1383 |
Fitzgerald |
100 assays |
EUR 835 |
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Description: Assay Kit for detection of Beta Secretase Activity in the research laboratory |
 Alkaline Phosphatase Activity Assay Kit |
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55R-1402 |
Fitzgerald |
500 assays |
EUR 740 |
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Description: Assay Kit for detection of Alkaline Phosphatase in the research laboratory |
 Acid Phosphatase Activity Assay Kit |
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55R-1405 |
Fitzgerald |
500 assays |
EUR 438 |
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Description: Assay Kit for detection of Acid Phosphatase in the research laboratory |
Alkaline Phosphatase Activity Assay Kit |
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55R-1406 |
Fitzgerald |
500 assays |
EUR 438 |
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Description: Assay Kit for detection of Alkaline Phosphatase in the research laboratory |
Acid Phosphatase Activity Assay Kit |
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55R-1866 |
Fitzgerald |
500 assays |
EUR 484 |
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Description: Assay Kit for detection of Acid Phosphatase in the research laboratory |
 Trypsin Activity Colorimetric Assay Kit |
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K2176-100 |
ApexBio |
100 assays |
EUR 447 |
 DPP4 Activity Fluorometric Assay Kit |
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K2178-100 |
ApexBio |
100 assays |
EUR 557 |
 Calpain Activity Fluorometric Assay Kit |
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K240-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 588 |
 Proteasome Activity Fluorometric Assay Kit |
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K245-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 479 |
) Lysozyme Activity Assay Kit (Fluorometric) |
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K236-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 490 |
 Amylase Activity Colorimetric Assay Kit |
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K2225-100 |
ApexBio |
100 assays |
EUR 390 |
 Aconitase Activity Colorimetric Assay Kit |
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K2226-100 |
ApexBio |
100 assays |
EUR 516 |
 Lipase Activity Colorimetric Assay Kit |
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K2227-100 |
ApexBio |
100 assays |
EUR 516 |
 Neuraminidase Activity Fluorometric Assay Kit |
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K2230-100 |
ApexBio |
100 assays |
EUR 599 |
 GST Fluorometric Activity Assay Kit |
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K2105-100 |
ApexBio |
100 assays |
EUR 502 |
GST Colorimetric Activity Assay Kit |
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K2108-100 |
ApexBio |
100 assays |
EUR 529 |
Calpain Activity Fluorometric Assay Kit |
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K2062-100 |
ApexBio |
100 assays |
EUR 627 |
 KinaseSTAR Akt Activity Assay Kit |
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K2080-40 |
ApexBio |
40 assays |
EUR 738 |
 PLTP Activity Fluorometric Assay Kit |
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K2087-100 |
ApexBio |
100 assays |
EUR 669 |
 CETP Activity Fluorometric Assay Kit |
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K2089-100 |
ApexBio |
100 assays |
EUR 725 |
Proteasome Activity Fluorometric Assay Kit |
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K2096-100 |
ApexBio |
100 assays |
EUR 502 |
GST Fluorometric Activity Assay Kit |
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K260-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 468 |
 GST Colorimetric Activity Assay Kit |
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K263-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 490 |
 HDAC3 Activity Fluorometric Assay Kit |
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K343-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 479 |
 HDAC8 Activity Fluorometric Assay Kit |
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K348-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 490 |
 Thrombin Activity Fluorometric Assay Kit |
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K373-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 697 |
 Lysosomal Intracellular Activity Assay Kit |
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K448-50 |
Biovision |
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EUR 544 |
) HDAC6 Activity Assay Kit (Fluorometric) |
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K466-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 631 |
 Akt Activity Assay Kit, KinaseSTAR |
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K435-40 |
Biovision |
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EUR 680 |
) ATPase Activity Assay Kit (Colorimetric) |
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K417-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 430 |
 HAT Activity Fluorometric Assay Kit |
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K334-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 539 |
) Sirtuin Activity Assay Kit (Fluorometric) |
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K324-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 572 |
 HDAC Activity Fluorometric Assay Kit |
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K330-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 490 |
 HDAC Activity Colorimetric Assay Kit |
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K331-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 490 |
 HAT Activity Colorimetric Assay Kit |
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K332-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 539 |
) Tyrosinase Activity Assay Kit (Colorimetric) |
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K742-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 582 |
 Arginase Activity Colorimetric Assay Kit |
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K755-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 539 |
 Urokinase Activity Fluorometric Assay Kit |
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K728-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 544 |
Lipase Activity Colorimetric Assay Kit |
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K722-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 512 |
) Urease Activity Assay Kit (Colorimetric) |
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K378-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 501 |
) Plasmin Activity Assay Kit (Fluorometric) |
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K381-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 457 |
) Chymotrypsin Activity Assay Kit (Fluorometric) |
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K352-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 490 |
) Chitotriosidase Activity Assay Kit (Fluorometric) |
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K512-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 620 |
) ?-Glucuronidase Activity Assay Kit (Fluorometric) |
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K514-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 620 |
) Methyltransferase Activity Assay Kit (Fluorometric) |
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K521-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 566 |
) Transglutaminase Activity Assay Kit (Colorimetric) |
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K571-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 718 |
 Sphingomyelinase Activity Fluorometric Assay Kit |
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K574-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 457 |
 Fumarase Activity Colorimetric Assay Kit |
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K596-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 653 |
 Sphingomyelinase Activity Colorimetric Assay Kit |
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K599-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 446 |
) Deubiquitinase Activity Assay Kit (Fluorometric) |
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K485-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 533 |
) Neprilysin Activity Assay Kit (Fluorometric) |
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K487-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 610 |
 Acetylcholinesterase Activity Colorimetric Assay Kit |
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K764-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 550 |
Trypsin Activity Colorimetric Assay Kit |
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K771-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 452 |
DPP4 Activity Fluorometric Assay Kit |
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K779-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 544 |
 Protease Activity Fluorometric Assay Kit |
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K781-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 387 |
 Collagenase Activity Colorimetric Assay Kit |
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K792-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 408 |
 Renin Activity Fluorometric Assay Kit |
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K800-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 523 |
) Plasmin Activity Assay Kit (Colorimetric) |
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K945-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 446 |
) Cholinesterase Activity Assay Kit (Colorimetric) |
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K975-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 642 |
) Lipoxygenase Activity Assay Kit (Fluorometric) |
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K978-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 653 |
) ?-Xylosidase Activity Assay Kit (Fluorometric) |
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K981-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 588 |
) Methyltransferase Activity Assay Kit (Colorimetric) |
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K986-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 648 |
Neuraminidase Activity Fluorometric Assay Kit |
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K732-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 523 |
) Uricase Activity Assay Kit (Fluorometric) |
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K734-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 512 |
Amylase Activity Colorimetric Assay Kit |
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K711-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 408 |
Aconitase Activity Colorimetric Assay Kit |
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K716-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 501 |
 Aldolase Activity Colorimetric Assay Kit |
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K665-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 664 |
 Ceruloplasmin Activity Colorimetric Assay Kit |
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K669-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 550 |
 Invertase Activity Colorimetric Assay Kit |
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K674-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 490 |
) Sulfatase Activity Assay Kit (Colorimetric) |
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K675-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 653 |
 DAG Kinase Activity Assay Kit |
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MET-5036 |
Cell Biolabs |
50 assays |
EUR 450 |
 Activity Assay Kit) Hexokinase (HK) Activity Assay Kit |
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MET-5087 |
Cell Biolabs |
100 assays |
EUR 508 |
 Beta Hexosaminidase Activity Assay Kit |
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MET-5095 |
Cell Biolabs |
100 assays |
EUR 508 |
 ?-Glucosidase Activity Colorimetric Assay Kit |
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K690-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 550 |
 OxiSelect ORAC Activity Assay Kit |
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STA-345 |
Cell Biolabs |
192 assays |
EUR 577 |
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Description: The ORAC assay is a powerful tool to measure the antioxidant capacity of biomolecules. Our OxiSelect ORAC Activity Assay measures this capacity in less than 2 hours from a wide variety of sample types. |
OxiSelect ORAC Activity Assay Kit |
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STA-345-5 |
Cell Biolabs |
5 x 192 assays |
EUR 2277 |
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Description: The ORAC assay is a powerful tool to measure the antioxidant capacity of biomolecules. Our OxiSelect ORAC Activity Assay measures this capacity in less than 2 hours from a wide variety of sample types. |
 OxiSelect HORAC Activity Assay Kit |
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STA-346 |
Cell Biolabs |
192 assays |
EUR 577 |
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Description: The HORAC assay is a powerful tool to measure the antioxidant capacity of biomolecules. Our OxiSelect HORAC Activity Assay measures the degradation of free hydroxyl radicals in less than 2 hours from a wide variety of sample types. |
OxiSelect HORAC Activity Assay Kit |
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STA-346-5 |
Cell Biolabs |
5 x 192 assays |
EUR 2277 |
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Description: The HORAC assay is a powerful tool to measure the antioxidant capacity of biomolecules. Our OxiSelect HORAC Activity Assay measures the degradation of free hydroxyl radicals in less than 2 hours from a wide variety of sample types. |
) Laccase Activity Assay Kit (Colorimetric) |
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K2038-100 |
Biovision |
100 assays |
EUR 500 |
) CD38 Activity Assay Kit (Fluorometric) |
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K2042-100 |
Biovision |
100 assays |
EUR 581 |
) Sialyltransferase Activity Assay Kit (Fluorometric) |
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K2048-100 |
Biovision |
100 assays |
EUR 601 |
 MAT Activity Assay 3 |
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IK00403 |
Arthus |
48 tests |
EUR 503 |
|
Description: Methionine Adenosyltransferase (MAT) activity assay kit |
 Acetylcholinesterase Activity Assay Kit - 100 Assays |
|
AR4001-unit |
BosterBio |
unit |
EUR 317 |
 Cathepsin B Activity Fluorometric Assay Kit |
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K140-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 512 |
 Cathepsin K Activity Fluorometric Assay Kit |
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K141-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 512 |
 Cathepsin L Activity Fluorometric Assay Kit |
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K142-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 512 |
 Cathepsin D Activity Fluorometric Assay Kit |
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K143-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 512 |
) Cathepsin E Activity Assay Kit (Fluorometric) |
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K165-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 637 |
 Granzyme B Activity Fluorometric Assay Kit |
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K168-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 533 |
 Cathepsin S Activity Fluorometric Assay Kit |
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K144-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 512 |
 Cathepsin H Activity Fluorometric Assay Kit |
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K145-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 479 |
 Cathepsin G Activity Colorimetric Assay Kit |
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K146-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 582 |
Granzyme B Activity Fluorometric Assay Kit |
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K2001-100 |
ApexBio |
100 assays |
EUR 586 |
 Cytochrome Oxidase Activity Colorimetric Assay Kit |
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K2020-100 |
ApexBio |
100 assays |
EUR 557 |
 Citrate Synthase Activity Colorimetric Assay Kit |
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K2029-100 |
ApexBio |
100 assays |
EUR 557 |
 Activity Assay Kit) Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Activity Assay Kit |
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K2035-100 |
ApexBio |
100 assays |
EUR 432 |
Cathepsin B Activity Fluorometric Assay Kit |
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K2151-100 |
ApexBio |
100 assays |
EUR 516 |
Cathepsin K Activity Fluorometric Assay Kit |
|
K2152-100 |
ApexBio |
100 assays |
EUR 516 |
Cathepsin L Activity Fluorometric Assay Kit |
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K2153-100 |
ApexBio |
100 assays |
EUR 516 |
Cathepsin D Activity Fluorometric Assay Kit |
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K2154-100 |
ApexBio |
100 assays |
EUR 516 |
Cathepsin S Activity Fluorometric Assay Kit |
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K2155-100 |
ApexBio |
100 assays |
EUR 516 |
 Colorimetric Activity Assay Kit) Myeloperoxidase (MPO) Colorimetric Activity Assay Kit |
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K2168-100 |
ApexBio |
100 assays |
EUR 586 |
 Fluorometric Activity Assay Kit) Myeloperoxidase (MPO) Fluorometric Activity Assay Kit |
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K2169-100 |
ApexBio |
100 assays |
EUR 572 |
 Glutathione Reductase Activity Colorimetric Assay Kit |
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K2173-200 |
ApexBio |
200 assays |
EUR 516 |
 Glutathione Peroxidase Activity Colorimetric Assay Kit |
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K2174-100 |
ApexBio |
100 assays |
EUR 516 |
 Thioredoxin Reductase Activity Colorimetric Assay Kit |
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K2175-100 |
ApexBio |
100 assays |
EUR 502 |
 Catalase Activity Colorimetric/Fluorometric Assay Kit |
|
K2177-100 |
ApexBio |
100 assays |
EUR 418 |
 Beta-Lactamase Activity Colorimetric Assay Kit |
|
K2183-100 |
ApexBio |
100 assays |
EUR 877 |
 Malate Dehydrogenase Activity Colorimetric Assay Kit |
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K2206-100 |
ApexBio |
100 assays |
EUR 599 |
 Activity Assay Kit) Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) Activity Assay Kit |
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K2228-500 |
ApexBio |
500 assays |
EUR 529 |
 Glutamate Dehydrogenase Activity Colorimetric Assay Kit |
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K2229-100 |
ApexBio |
100 assays |
EUR 502 |
 Succinate Dehydrogenase Activity Colorimetric Assay Kit |
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K2210-100 |
ApexBio |
100 assays |
EUR 738 |
) Phosphoglycerate Kinase Activity Assay Kit (Colorimetric) |
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K194-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 533 |
 ADPsensor? Universal Kinase Activity Assay Kit |
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K212-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 582 |
 Alkaline Phosphatase Activity Colorimetric Assay Kit |
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K2075-500 |
ApexBio |
500 assays |
EUR 544 |
 Alkaline Phosphatase Activity Fluorometric Assay Kit |
|
K2077-500 |
ApexBio |
500 assays |
EUR 363 |
 Lipase Activity Fluorometric Assay Kit III |
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K2095-100 |
ApexBio |
100 assays |
EUR 586 |
) Caspase-3 Activity Assay Kit (Luminometric) |
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K186-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 479 |
Cytochrome Oxidase Activity Colorimetric Assay Kit |
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K287-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 539 |
 & Activity Assay Kit) HDAC2 Immunoprecipitation (IP) & Activity Assay Kit |
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K341-25 |
Biovision |
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EUR 871 |
 & Activity Assay Kit) HDAC1 Immunoprecipitation (IP) & Activity Assay Kit |
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K342-25 |
Biovision |
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EUR 865 |
 & Activity Assay Kit) HDAC3 Immunoprecipitation (IP) & Activity Assay Kit |
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K344-25 |
Biovision |
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EUR 751 |
) Factor VIIIa Activity Assay Kit (Fluorometric) |
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K358-100 |
Biovision |
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EUR 539 |
) Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase Activity Assay Kit (Colorimetric) |
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K359-100 |
Biovision |
|
EUR 550 |
Consequently, it may be concluded that new strategies of trendy drugs may be employed to extend the efficacy of pure pharmaceutical compounds used prior to now. In this regard, the current research analyzed the impact of curcumin towards numerous Candida infections utilizing the latest knowledge. It was discovered that making use of a mixture of drug formulation or the formulation of curcumin and its derivatives may be an efficient technique to beat the medication resistance in fungal infections, particularly candidiasis.
