Medical mycology and fungal immunology: new research perspectives addressing a major world health challenge

Fungi cause more than a billion skin infections, more than 100 million mucosal infections, 10 million serious allergies and more than a million deaths each year. Global mortality owing to fungal infections is greater than for malaria and breast cancer and is equivalent to that owing to tuberculosis (TB) and HIV.

These statistics evidence fungal infections as a major threat to human health and a major burden to healthcare budgets worldwide.

Those patients who are at greatest risk of life-threatening fungal infections include those who have weakened immunity or have suffered trauma or other predisposing infections such as HIV.

To address these global threats to human health, more research is urgently needed to understand the immunopathology of fungal disease and human disease susceptibility in order to augment the advances being made in fungal diagnostics and drug development.

Here, we highlight some recent advances in basic research in medical mycology and fungal immunology that are beginning to inform clinical decisions and options for personalized medicine, vaccine development and adjunct immunotherapies.This article is part of the themed issue ‘Tackling emerging fungal threats to animal health, food security and ecosystem resilience’.

Androstenedione Conjugate, 13ML

C255-13ML 13ML
EUR 1156

Allopregnanolone CLIA Antibody, 13ML

C193-13ML 13ML
EUR 1174

Oxytocin-Peroxidase Conjugate, 13ML

C166-13ML 13ML
EUR 1174

Allopregnanolone CLIA Conjugate, 13ML

C194-13ML 13ML
EUR 1174

17-Hydroxyprogesterone Antibody, 13ML

C190-13ML 13ML
EUR 1270.8

17-Hydroxyprogesterone Conjugate, 13ML

C191-13ML 13ML
EUR 1174

1730 5X SNAP-SEAL 13ML

1730-5X 500/pk
EUR 136.8
Description: Disposable Plastic; Plastic Containers

DetectX® ANP Antibody, 13ML

C093-13ML 13ML
EUR 926.4

DetectX® RBP Antibody, 13ML

C230-13ML 13ML
EUR 817

DetectX® RBP Antibody, 13ML

C011-13ML 13ML
EUR 902.4

DetectX® PGFM Antibody, 13ML

C083-13ML 13ML
EUR 1021

DetectX® ANP Conjugate, 13ML

C094-13ML 13ML
EUR 840

DetectX® PGE2 Antibody, 13ML

C178-13ML 13ML
EUR 1021

DetectX® RBP Conjugate, 13ML

C015-13ML 13ML
EUR 817

DetectX® PGFM Conjugate, 13ML

C084-13ML 13ML
EUR 1021

DetectX® PGE2 Conjugate, 13ML

C179-13ML 13ML
EUR 1021

DetectX® Estrone Antibody, 13ML

C108-13ML 13ML
EUR 817

DetectX® Estriol Antibody, 13ML

C234-13ML 13ML
EUR 817

DetectX® Cortisol Antibody, 13ML

C041-13ML 13ML
EUR 817

DetectX® Estrone Conjugate, 13ML

C109-13ML 13ML
EUR 817

DetectX® Oxytocin Antibody, 13ML

C162-13ML 13ML
EUR 1174

DetectX® Oxytocin Antibody, 13ML

C165-13ML 13ML
EUR 1174

DetectX® Estriol Conjugate, 13ML

C235-13ML 13ML
EUR 817

DetectX® Cortisol Conjugate, 13ML

C039-13ML 13ML
EUR 817

DetectX® Estradiol Antibody, 13ML

C101-13ML 13ML
EUR 817

DetectX® Oxytocin Conjugate, 13ML

C163-13ML 13ML
EUR 1174

DetectX® Thyroxine Antibody, 13ML

C175-13ML 13ML
EUR 1174

DetectX® Cortisone Antibody, 13ML

C206-13ML 13ML
EUR 817

DetectX® Estradiol Conjugate, 13ML

C102-13ML 13ML
EUR 817

DetectX® Thyroxine Conjugate, 13ML

C176-13ML 13ML
EUR 1174

DetectX® Cortisone Conjugate, 13ML

C207-13ML 13ML
EUR 817

DetectX® Aldosterone Antibody, 13ML

C180-13ML 13ML
EUR 1174

DetectX® Progesterone Antibody, 13ML

C250-13ML 13ML
EUR 817

DetectX® Testosterone Antibody, 13ML

C293-13ML 13ML
EUR 817

DetectX® Progesterone Antibody, 13ML

C090-13ML 13ML
EUR 817

DetectX® Testosterone Antibody, 13ML

C111-13ML 13ML
EUR 817

DetectX® Aldosterone Conjugate, 13ML

C181-13ML 13ML
EUR 1174

DetectX® Progesterone Conjugate, 13ML

C251-13ML 13ML
EUR 817

DetectX® Progesterone Conjugate, 13ML

C091-13ML 13ML
EUR 817

DetectX® Testosterone Conjugate, 13ML

C112-13ML 13ML
EUR 817

DetectX® Corticosterone Antibody, 13ML

C044-13ML 13ML
EUR 817

DetectX® Corticosterone Conjugate, 13ML

C045-13ML 13ML
EUR 817

DetectX® Allopregnanolone Antibody, 13ML

C153-13ML 13ML
EUR 840

DetectX® Triiodothyronine Antibody, 13ML

C214-13ML 13ML
EUR 1174

DetectX® Epiandrosterone Conjugate, 13ML

C232-13ML 13ML
EUR 1156

DetectX® Allopregnanolone Conjugate, 13ML

C154-13ML 13ML
EUR 840

DetectX® Triiodothyronine Conjugate, 13ML

C215-13ML 13ML
EUR 1174

DetectX® ANP EIA Antibody, 13ML

C262-13ML 13ML
EUR 840

DetectX® DHEA-S Antibody, 13ML

C199-13ML 13ML
EUR 817

DetectX® DHEA-S Conjugate, 13ML

C200-13ML 13ML
EUR 817

DetectX® Cyclic AMP Antibody, 13ML

C064-13ML 13ML
EUR 1021

DetectX® Cyclic GMP Antibody, 13ML

C078-13ML 13ML
EUR 1021

DetectX® Cyclic GMP Antibody, 13ML

C237-13ML 13ML
EUR 1021

DetectX® Cyclic AMP Conjugate, 13ML

C065-13ML 13ML
EUR 1021

DetectX® Cyclic GMP Conjugate, 13ML

C079-13ML 13ML
EUR 1021

DetectX® Cortisone CLIA Antibody, 13ML

C055-13ML 13ML
EUR 817

DetectX® Serum Estradiol Antibody, 13ML

C156-13ML 13ML
EUR 817

DetectX® Serum Estradiol Conjugate, 13ML

C157-13ML 13ML
EUR 817

DetectX® Aldosterone CLIA Antibody, 13ML

C184-13ML 13ML
EUR 1174

DetectX® Aldosterone CLIA Conjugate, 13ML

C185-13ML 13ML
EUR 1174

8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHG) Conjugate, 13ML

C221-13ML 13ML
EUR 1174

DetectX® Corticosterone CLIA Antibody, 13ML

C118-13ML 13ML
EUR 1021

DetectX® Epiandrosterone EIA Antibody, 13ML

C231-13ML 13ML
EUR 1156

DetectX® 20-Hydoxyecdysone Antibody, 13ML

C238-13ML 13ML
EUR 1156

DetectX® Corticosterone CLIA Conjugate, 13ML

C119-13ML 13ML
EUR 1021

DetectX® Allopregnanolone EIA Antibody, 13ML

C226-13ML 13ML
EUR 1174

DetectX® 11-Ketotestosterone Antibody, 13ML

C290-13ML 13ML
EUR 1156

DetectX® 20-Hydroxyecdysone Conjugate, 13ML

C239-13ML 13ML
EUR 1156

DetectX® 11-Ketotestosterone Conjugate, 13ML

C291-13ML 13ML
EUR 1156

DetectX® 3'3'-Cyclic GAMP Antibody, 13ML

C272-13ML 13ML
EUR 1156

DetectX® 2'3'-Cyclic GAMP Antibody, 13ML

C241-13ML 13ML
EUR 1156

TPP Centrifuge tube flat 13ml ppr - PK800

CEN7804 PK800
EUR 691.2

DetectX® 3'3'-Cyclic GAMP Conjugate, 13ML

C273-13ML 13ML
EUR 1156

DetectX® Cyclic GMP CLIA Antibody, 13ML

C081-13ML 13ML
EUR 1021

DetectX® 2'3'-Cyclic GAMP Conjugate, 13ML

C242-13ML 13ML
EUR 1156

DetectX® Arg-Vasopressin EIA Antibody, 13ML

C284-13ML 13ML
EUR 1174

DetectX® Arg-Vasopressin EIA Conjugate, 13ML

C285-13ML 13ML
EUR 1174

DetectX® Arg-Vasopressin CLIA Antibody, 13ML

C172-13ML 13ML
EUR 1174

DetectX® Arg-Vasopressin CLIA Conjugate, 13ML

C173-13ML 13ML
EUR 1174

DetectX® Estrone-3-Sulfate (E1S) Antibody, 13ML

C133-13ML 13ML
EUR 1174

DetectX® Estrone-3-Sulfate (E1S), Conjugate, 13ML

C134-13ML 13ML
EUR 1174

8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) Antibody, 13ML

C220-13ML 13ML
EUR 1174

DetectX® Estrone-3-Glucuronide (E1G) Antibody, 13ML

C122-13ML 13ML
EUR 817

DetectX® Estrone-3-Glucuronide (E1G) Conjugate, 13ML

C123-13ML 13ML
EUR 817

DetectX® Pregnanediol-3-Glucuronide (PDG) Antibody, 13ML

C126-13ML 13ML
EUR 817

DetectX® Pregnanediol-3-Glucuronide (PDG) Conjugate, 13ML

C127-13ML 13ML
EUR 817

Density Standard 0.6960 G/Ml 15C 100Ml - 100ML

DEN15010PY 100ML
EUR 149.85

Density Standard 0.8715 G/Ml 15C 100Ml - 100ML

DEN15110PY 100ML
EUR 149.85

Density Standard 1.0040 G/Ml 15C 100Ml - 100ML

DEN15140PY 100ML
EUR 149.85

Adapter pack for C5000-6H and C5000-8, for 5ml and 7ml (12-13mm) tubes, 8/pk.

C5000-ADP 1 each
EUR 118.24

Buffer Soln Ph7 25C 500ml - 500ML

1070525 500ML
EUR 32.4

TPP Flask 165ml 150cm vented - PK36

TIS7018 PK36
EUR 263.25

pH Buff Sol 12.46 +/- 0.050 at 25C - 500ML

11246525 500ML
EUR 51.3

TPP Flask 165ml 150cm filtered - PK36

TIS7020 PK36
EUR 303.75

PH Buffer Solution PH10 25c 500ML - 500ML

11001525 500ML
EUR 31.05

USP pH Sol. pH 7.41 at 25C - 500ML

USP10741 500ML
EUR 52.65

USP pH Sol. pH 10.01 at 25C - 500ML

USP11001 500ML
EUR 52.65

pH Buff Sol 1.675 +/- 0.010 at 20C NIST - 500ML

101675 500ML
EUR 40.5

pH Buff Sol 12.627 +/- 0.050 at 20C NIST - 500ML

112627 500ML
EUR 40.5

pH Buff Sol 9.225 +/- 0.010 at 20C NIST - 500ML

109225 500ML
EUR 40.5

pH Buff Sol 3.788 +/- 0.010 at 20C NIST - 500ML

R103788 500ML
EUR 40.5

pH Buff Sol 2.00 +/- 0.02 at 25C - 500ML

1020525 500ML
EUR 32.4

pH Buff Sol 1.00 +/- 0.02 at 25C - 500ML

1010525 500ML
EUR 32.4

pH Buff Sol 3.00 +/- 0.02 at 25C - 500ML

1030525 500ML
EUR 32.4

pH Buff Sol 6.00 +/- 0.01 at 25C - 500ML

1060525 500ML
EUR 32.4

pH Buff Sol 6.80 +/- 0.01 at 25C - 500ML

1068525 500ML
EUR 32.4

pH Buff Sol 6.86 +/- 0.01 at 25C - 500ML

1068805 500ML
EUR 31.05

pH Buff Sol 5.00 +/- 0.01 at 25C - 500ML

1050525 500ML
EUR 32.4

pH Buff Sol 13.00 +/- 0.05 at 25C - 500ML

1130525 500ML
EUR 32.4

pH Buff Sol 8.00 +/- 0.01 at 25C - 500ML

1080525 500ML
EUR 32.4

pH Buff Sol 9.21 +/- 0.01 at 25C - 250ML

1092125 250ML
EUR 31.05

pH Buff Sol 9.40 +/- 0.01 at 25C - 500ML

1094025 500ML
EUR 59.4

pH Buff Sol 9.00 +/- 0.01 at 25C - 500ML

R1090525 500ML
EUR 32.4

pH Buff Sol 10.00 +/- 0.01 at 25C - 500ML

R1100525 500ML
EUR 32.4

pH Buff Sol 11.00 +/- 0.05 at 25C - 500ML

R1110525 500ML
EUR 32.4

pH Buff Sol 12.00 +/- 0.05 at 25C - 500ML

R1120525 500ML
EUR 32.4

Platform 33 X 33cm 4 x 1000mL - EACH

SHA6026 EACH
EUR 670.95

C18 500mg/10mL - PK20

CHR5610 PK20
EUR 78.3

Redox Std 124mV at 25C - 500ML

RS124 500ML
EUR 86.4

Redox Std 200mV at 25C - 500ML

RS200 500ML
EUR 86.4

Redox Std 200mV at 25C - 250ML

RS20025 250ML
EUR 49.95

Redox Std 220mV at 25C - 500ML

RS220 500ML
EUR 86.4

Redox Std 250mV at 25C - 500ML

RS250 500ML
EUR 86.4

Redox Std 358mV at 25C - 500ML

RS358 500ML
EUR 86.4

Redox Std 440mV at 25C - 500ML

RS440 500ML
EUR 86.4

Redox Std 465mV at 25C - 500ML

RS465 500ML
EUR 86.4

Redox Std 465mV at 25C - 250ML

RS46525 250ML
EUR 44.55

Redox Std 468mV at 25C - 500ML

RS468 500ML
EUR 122.85

Redox Std 600mV at 25C - 500ML

RS600 500ML
EUR 86.4

Redox Std 650mV at 25C - 500ML

RS650 500ML
EUR 86.4

Redox Std 400mV at 25C - 500ML

RRS400 500ML
EUR 86.4

EP pH Buffer Sol. pH 10.01 +/- 0.01 25C - 500ML

EP1001 500ML
EUR 113.4

EP pH Buffer Sol. pH 10.01 +/- 0.01 25C - 100ML

EP1001-100 100ML
EUR 40.5

EP pH Buffer Sol. pH 12.45 +/- 0.05 25C - 100ML

EP1245-100 100ML
EUR 48.6

EP pH Buffer Sol. pH 12.63 +/- 0.01 25C - 100ML

EP1263-100 100ML
EUR 57.58

EP pH Buffer Sol. pH 1.68 +/- 0.01 25C - 500ML

EP168 500ML
EUR 58.05

EP pH Buffer Sol. pH 1.68 +/- 0.01 25C - 100ML

EP168-100 100ML
EUR 39.15

EP pH Buffer Sol. pH 3.78 +/- 0.01 25C - 500ML

EP378 500ML
EUR 58.05

EP pH Buffer Sol. pH 3.78 +/- 0.01 25C - 100ML

EP378-100 100ML
EUR 40.5

EP pH Buffer Sol. pH 4.01 +/- 0.01 25C - 500ML

EP401 500ML
EUR 58.05

EP pH Buffer Sol. pH 4.01 +/- 0.01 25C - 100ML

EP401-100 100ML
EUR 39.15

EP pH Buffer Sol. pH 6.87 +/- 0.01 25C - 500ML

EP687 500ML
EUR 58.05

EP pH Buffer Sol. pH 6.87 +/- 0.01 25C - 100ML

EP687-100 100ML
EUR 38.48

EP pH Buffer Sol. pH 7.41 +/- 0.01 25C - 500ML

EP741 500ML
EUR 58.05

EP pH Buffer Sol. pH 7.41 +/- 0.01 25C - 100ML

EP741-100 100ML
EUR 39.15

EP pH Buffer Sol. pH 9.18 +/- 0.01 25C - 500ML

EP918 500ML
EUR 58.05

EP pH Buffer Sol. pH 9.18 +/- 0.01 25C - 100ML

EP918-100 100ML
EUR 39.15

pH Buff Sol 3.776 +/- 0.010 at 25C DIN19266 - 500ML

103776 500ML
EUR 40.5

pH Buff Sol 6.865 +/- 0.010 at 25C DIN19266 - 500ML

10687 500ML
EUR 40.5

pH Buff Sol 4.005 +/- 0.010 at 25C DIN19266 - 500ML

104005 500ML
EUR 40.5

pH Buff Sol 12.454 +/- 0.050 at 25C DIN19266 - 500ML

112454 500ML
EUR 40.5

pH Buff Sol 7.413 +/- 0.010 at 25C DIN19266 - 500ML

107413 500ML
EUR 40.5

pH Buff Sol 9.180 +/- 0.010 at 25C DIN19266 - 500ML

109180 500ML
EUR 40.5

Platform 33 X 33cm 16 x 125mL - EACH

SHA6018 EACH
EUR 670.95

Platform 33 X 33cm 12 x 250mL - EACH

SHA6022 EACH
EUR 670.95

Platform 33 X 33cm 8 x 500mL - EACH

SHA6024 EACH
EUR 670.95

Density Std 0.6960g/mL at 15C - 100ML

DEN15010 100ML
EUR 217.35

Density Std 0.7073g/mL at 15C - 100ML

DEN15020 100ML
EUR 124.2

Density Std 0.7184g/mL at 15C - 100ML

DEN15030 100ML
EUR 124.85

Density Std 0.7298g/mL at 15C - 100ML

DEN15040 100ML
EUR 124.85

Density Std 0.7411g/mL at 15C - 100ML

DEN15050 100ML
EUR 224.73

Density Std 0.7524g/mL at 15C - 100ML

DEN15060 100ML
EUR 224.73

Density Std 0.7721g/mL at 15C - 100ML

DEN15070 100ML
EUR 224.1

Density Std 0.7933g/mL at 15C - 100ML

DEN15080 100ML
EUR 224.73

Density Std 0.8168g/mL at 15C - 100ML

DEN15090 100ML
EUR 224.1

Density Std 0.8428g/mL at 15C - 100ML

DEN15100 100ML
EUR 224.1

Density Std 0.8715g/mL at 15C - 100ML

DEN15110 100ML
EUR 124.2

Density Std 0.9135g/mL at 15C - 100ML

DEN15120 100ML
EUR 124.85

Density Std 0.9514g/mL at 15C - 100ML

DEN15130 100ML
EUR 124.2

Density Std 1.0040g/mL at 15C - 100ML

DEN15140 100ML
EUR 124.85

Density Std 1.0337g/mL at 15C - 100ML

DEN15150 100ML
EUR 320.2

Density Std 0.6919g/mL at 20C - 100ML

DEN20010 100ML
EUR 191.7

Density Std 0.7033g/mL at 20C - 100ML

DEN20020 100ML
EUR 175.5

Density Std 0.7148g/mL at 20C - 100ML

DEN20030 100ML
EUR 124.85

Density Std 0.7261g/mL at 20C - 100ML

DEN20040 100ML
EUR 124.85

Density Std 0.7374g/mL at 20C - 100ML

DEN20050 100ML
EUR 224.73

Density Std 0.7488g/mL at 20C - 100ML

DEN20060 100ML
EUR 221.4

Density Std 0.7683g/mL at 20C - 100ML

DEN20070 100ML
EUR 221.4

Density Std 0.7893g/mL at 20C - 100ML

DEN20080 100ML
EUR 221.4

Density Std 0.8126g/mL at 20C - 100ML

DEN20090 100ML
EUR 224.73

Density Std 0.8384g/mL at 20C - 100ML

DEN20100 100ML
EUR 221.4

Density Std 0.8668g/mL at 20C - 100ML

DEN20110 100ML
EUR 221.4

Density Std 0.9098g/mL at 20C - 100ML

DEN20120 100ML
EUR 221.4

Density Std 0.9476g/mL at 20C - 100ML

DEN20130 100ML
EUR 224.73

Density Std 1.0005g/mL at 20C - 100ML

DEN20140 100ML
EUR 221.4

Density Std 0.6878g/mL at 25C - 100ML

DEN25010 100ML
EUR 221.4

Density Std 0.6993g/mL at 25C - 100ML

DEN25020 100ML
EUR 224.73

Density Std 0.7111g/mL at 25C - 100ML

DEN25030 100ML
EUR 221.4