Invasive fungal infection (IFI) is a rare but serious complication of traumatic injury. The purpose of this article is to review the epidemiology, natural history, mycology, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes associated with post-traumatic IFI in military and civilian populations.
The epidemiology of post-traumatic IFI is poorly characterized, but incidence appears to be rising. Patients often suffer from severe injuries and require extensive medical interventions. Fungi belonging to the order Mucorales are responsible for most post-traumatic IFI in both civilian and military populations. Risk factors differ between these cohorts but include specific injury patterns and comorbidities.
Diagnosis of post-traumatic IFI typically follows positive laboratory results in the appropriate clinical context. The gold standard of treatment is surgical debridement in addition to systemic antifungal therapy. Patients with post-traumatic IFI may be at greater risk of amputation, delays in wound healing, hospital complications, and death as compared to trauma patients who do not develop IFI.
EpiQuik Superoxide Dismutase Activity/Inhibition Assay Kit (Colorimetric) |
OP-0001 |
EpiGentek |
5x96 assays |
EUR 496.6 |
Description: reagents widely cited |
Native Bacillus licheniformis Keratinase, feed grade |
FEED-0001 |
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1kg |
EUR 227 |
Rabbit anti-Rift Valley Fever (RVFV) antiserum |
01-0001 |
IBT Bioservices |
250uL |
EUR 451 |
Description: - Related to: Other Viruses
- Applications: ELISA, WB
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Rabbit anti-Rift Valley Fever (RVFV) pAb |
04-0001 |
IBT Bioservices |
500ug |
EUR 257 |
Description: - Related to: Other Viruses
- Applications: ELISA, WB
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NATtrol Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Strain: AD-169 (400 cp/mL) (1 mL) |
NATCMV-0001 |
Zeptometrix |
400 cp/mL , 1mL |
EUR 86.4 |
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Description: Please contact Gentaur in order to receive the datasheet of the product. |
NATtrol Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Strain: B95-8 (100 cp/mL) (1 mL) |
NATEBV-0001 |
Zeptometrix |
100 cp/mL 1 mL |
EUR 86.4 |
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Description: Please contact Gentaur in order to receive the datasheet of the product. |
NATtrol Human Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) (400 IU/mL) (1 mL) |
NATHBV-0001 |
Zeptometrix |
400 IU/mL 1 mL |
EUR 86.4 |
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Description: Please contact Gentaur in order to receive the datasheet of the product. |
NATtrol Human Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) (200 IU/mL) (1 mL) |
NATHCV-0001 |
Zeptometrix |
200 IU/mL 1 mL |
EUR 86.4 |
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Description: Please contact Gentaur in order to receive the datasheet of the product. |
NATtrol Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Strain: MacIntyre (100 cp/mL) (1 mL) |
NATHSV1-0001 |
Zeptometrix |
100 cp/mL 1 mL |
EUR 78.08 |
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Description: Please contact Gentaur in order to receive the datasheet of the product. |
NATtrol Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Strain: MS (100 cp/mL) (1 mL) |
NATHSV2-0001 |
Zeptometrix |
100 cp/mL 1 mL |
EUR 78.08 |
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Description: Please contact Gentaur in order to receive the datasheet of the product. |
NATtrol Human Parvovirus B19 (10,000 IU/mL) (1 mL) |
NATPARVO-0001 |
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1 mL |
EUR 265.28 |
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NATtrol Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) Strain: Ellen (100 cp/mL) (1 mL) |
NATVZV-0001 |
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100 cp/mL 1 mL |
EUR 86.4 |
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Description: Please contact Gentaur in order to receive the datasheet of the product. |
NATtrol West Nile Virus (WNV) Strain: NY 2001-6263 (50,000 cp/mL) (1 mL) |
NATWNV-0001 |
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50,000 cp/mL 1 mL |
EUR 86.4 |
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Description: Please contact Gentaur in order to receive the datasheet of the product. |
WSE-6301 Luminograph III Basic/ PC contorl system |
Atto-0001 |
Atto |
1unit |
EUR 15760 |
Description: 6.0mega Pi xel Cool ed CCD wi r h F0.8 |
pH Meter Calibration Kit |
55-0001 |
Medicago |
1 Kit |
EUR 101 |
Equine serum albumin lyophilized powder |
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EUR 231.4 |
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Rabbit serum albumin lyophilized powder |
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Sheep IgG solution ? 97% purity |
S60-0001 |
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EUR 266.5 |
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Chicken IgY powder ? 97% purity |
SLC56-0001 |
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EUR 361.4 |
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Donkey IgG powder ? 97% purity |
SLD56-0001 |
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1gm |
EUR 319.8 |
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Equine IgG powder ? 97% purity |
SLE56-0001 |
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1gm |
EUR 335.4 |
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Goat IgG powder ? 97% purity |
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EUR 224.9 |
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Human IgG powder ? 97% purity |
SLH56-0001 |
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EUR 244.4 |
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Mouse Gamma Globulin > 98% purity |
SLM59-0001 |
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1g |
EUR 445.9 |
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Porcine IgG powder ? 97% purity |
SLP56-0001 |
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EUR 257.4 |
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Rabbit IgG powder ? 97% purity |
SLR56-0001 |
Equitech |
1gm |
EUR 323.7 |
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Rabbit Gamma Globulin ? 97% purity |
SLR59-0001 |
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1gm |
EUR 231.4 |
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Sheep IgG powder ? 97% purity |
SLS56-0001 |
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1gm |
EUR 224.9 |
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Sheep serum albumin lyophilized powder |
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Rabbit IgG solution ? 97% purity |
R60-0001 |
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EUR 330.2 |
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Porcine IgG solution ? 97% purity |
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Porcine serum albumin lyophilized powder |
PSA62-0001 |
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Bovine IgG solution ? 97% purity |
B60-0001 |
Equitech |
1g |
EUR 312 |
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Streptavidin |
FNSA-0001 |
FN Test |
500 uL |
EUR 324 |
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Description: Streptavidin secondary antibody |
Goat IgG solution ? 97% purity |
G60-0001 |
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1g |
EUR 248.3 |
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Goat serum albumin lyophilized powder |
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Human IgG solution ? 97% purity |
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1g |
EUR 284.7 |
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Human serum albumin lyophilized powder |
HSA62-0001 |
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Chicken IgY solution ? 97% purity |
C60-0001 |
Equitech |
1g |
EUR 403 |
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Chicken serum albumin lyophilized powde |
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EUR 319.8 |
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Donkey IgG solution ? 97% purity |
D60-0001 |
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EUR 387.4 |
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Equine IgG solution ? 97% purity |
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Human Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 28, ARHGEF28 ELISA |
CUE-0001 |
Lifescience Market |
96 Tests |
EUR 100 |
Human Fibronectin Solution (Plasma Derived) |
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Akron Biotech |
1mL |
Ask for price |
Human Fibronectin Solution, Virus Inactivated (Plasma Derived) (cGMP) |
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Akron Biotech |
1mL |
Ask for price |
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AK9942-0001 |
Akron Biotech |
1mL |
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SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Nucleocapsid Matched Pair |
MPN-0001 |
ProSci |
1 Set |
EUR 857.75 |
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Description: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), formerly known as 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease, is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a virus closely related to the SARS virus. The disease is the cause of the 2019–20 coronavirus outbreak (1). SARS-CoV-2 is the seventh member of the enveloped, positive-stranded RNA viruses that are able to infect humans. The SARS-CoV-2 genome, like other coronaviruses, encodes for multiple structural and nonstructural proteins. The structural proteins include spike protein (S), envelope protein (E), membrane glycoprotein (M), nucleocapsid phosphoprotein (N), and the nonstructural proteins include open reading frame 1ab (ORF1ab), ORF3a, ORF6, ORF7a, ORF8, and ORF10 (2). Nucleocapsid (N) protein is the most abundant protein of coronavirus. It is also one of the major structural proteins and is involved in the transcription and replication of viral RNA, packaging of the encapsidated genome into virions (3), and interference with cell cycle processes of host cells (4). Moreover, in many coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV, the N protein has high immunogenic activity and is abundantly expressed during infection (5). It can be detected in various patient samples including nasopharyngeal aspirate, urine, and fecal. Both S and N proteins may be potential antigens for serodiagnosis of COVID-19, just as many diagnostic methods have been developed for diagnosing SARS based on S and/or N proteins (6). |
SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Spike Matched Pair |
MPS-0001 |
ProSci |
1 Set |
EUR 857.75 |
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Description: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), formerly known as 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease, is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a virus closely related to the SARS virus (1). The disease is the cause of the 2019–20 coronavirus outbreak (2). The structure of 2019-nCoV consists of the following: a Spike protein (S), hemagglutinin-esterease dimer (HE), a membrane glycoprotein (M), an envelope protein (E) a nucleoclapid protein (N) and RNA. Coronavirus invades cells through Spike (S) glycoproteins, a class I fusion protein. It is the major viral surface protein that coronavirus uses to bind to the human cell surface receptor. It also mediates the fusion of host and viral cell membrane, allowing the virus to enter human cells and begin infection (3). The spike protein is the major target for neutralizing antibodies and vaccine development (4). The protein modeling suggests that there is strong interaction between Spike protein receptor-binding domain and its host receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which regulate both the cross-species and human-to-human transmissions of COVID-19 (5). The recent study has shown that the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binds ACE2 with higher affinity than SARS-CoV spike protein (6). |
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201-12-0001 |
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EUR 440 |
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E-EL-0001 |
Elabscience Biotech |
1 plate of 96 wells |
EUR 377 |
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Taq DNA Polymerase (500U) |
9K-001-0001 |
Bio Basic |
500U |
EUR 174.41 |
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9K-002-0001 |
Bio Basic |
96tubes, 96prep |
EUR 311 |
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9K-004-0001 |
Bio Basic |
0.5ml |
EUR 161.65 |
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9K-005-0001 |
Bio Basic |
1000U |
EUR 497.62 |
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Gel Extraction Kit (100 preps) |
9K-006-0001 |
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100preps |
EUR 236.18 |
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Pig Alpha 1 Microglobulin ELISA kit |
E07α0001-192T |
BlueGene |
192 tests |
EUR 1270 |
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Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Porcine Alpha 1 Microglobulin in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
Pig Alpha 1 Microglobulin ELISA kit |
E07α0001-48 |
BlueGene |
1 plate of 48 wells |
EUR 520 |
|
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Porcine Alpha 1 Microglobulin in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
Pig Alpha 1 Microglobulin ELISA kit |
E07α0001-96 |
BlueGene |
1 plate of 96 wells |
EUR 685 |
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Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Porcine Alpha 1 Microglobulin in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
Dog Alpha 1 Microglobulin ELISA kit |
E08α0001-192T |
BlueGene |
192 tests |
EUR 1270 |
|
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Canine Alpha 1 Microglobulin in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
Dog Alpha 1 Microglobulin ELISA kit |
E08α0001-48 |
BlueGene |
1 plate of 48 wells |
EUR 520 |
|
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Canine Alpha 1 Microglobulin in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
Dog Alpha 1 Microglobulin ELISA kit |
E08α0001-96 |
BlueGene |
1 plate of 96 wells |
EUR 685 |
|
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Canine Alpha 1 Microglobulin in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
Monkey Alpha 1 Microglobulin ELISA kit |
E09α0001-192T |
BlueGene |
192 tests |
EUR 1270 |
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Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Monkey Alpha 1 Microglobulin in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
Monkey Alpha 1 Microglobulin ELISA kit |
E09α0001-48 |
BlueGene |
1 plate of 48 wells |
EUR 520 |
|
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Monkey Alpha 1 Microglobulin in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
Monkey Alpha 1 Microglobulin ELISA kit |
E09α0001-96 |
BlueGene |
1 plate of 96 wells |
EUR 685 |
|
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Monkey Alpha 1 Microglobulin in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
More research is needed to understand the factors surrounding the development and management of post-traumatic IFI to reduce the significant morbidity and mortality associated with this disease.